Originální popis anglicky:
semget - get a semaphore set identifier
Návod, kniha: Linux Programmer's Manual
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
int semget(key_t key, int nsems,
int semflg);
This function returns the semaphore set identifier associated with the argument
key. A new set of
nsems semaphores is created if
key has
the value
IPC_PRIVATE or if no existing semaphore set is associated to
key and
IPC_CREAT is asserted in
semflg (i.e.
semflg &
IPC_CREAT isn't zero).
The presence in
semflg of the fields
IPC_CREAT and
IPC_EXCL
plays the same role, with respect to the existence of the semaphore set, as
the presence of
O_CREAT and
O_EXCL in the mode argument of the
open(2) system call: i.e. the
semget function fails if
semflg asserts both
IPC_CREAT and
IPC_EXCL and a
semaphore set already exists for
key.
Upon creation, the low-order 9 bits of the argument
semflg define the
access permissions (for owner, group and others) for the semaphore set. These
bits have the same format, and the same meaning, as the mode argument in the
open(2) or
creat(2) system calls (though the execute permissions
are not meaningful for semaphores, and write permissions mean permission to
alter semaphore values).
When creating a new semaphore set,
semget initializes the semaphore set's
associated data structure
semid_ds as follows:
- sem_perm.cuid and sem_perm.uid are set to the
effective user-ID of the calling process.
- sem_perm.cgid and sem_perm.gid are set to the
effective group-ID of the calling process.
- The low-order 9 bits of sem_perm.mode are set to the
low-order 9 bits of semflg.
- sem_nsems is set to the value of nsems.
- sem_otime is set to 0.
- sem_ctime is set to the current time.
The argument
nsems can be
0 (a don't care) when a semaphore set is
not being created. Otherwise
nsems must be greater than
0 and
less than or equal to the maximum number of semaphores per semaphore set
(
SEMMSL).
If the semaphore set already exists, the access permissions are verified.
If successful, the return value will be the semaphore set identifier (a
nonnegative integer), otherwise
-1 is returned, with
errno
indicating the error.
On failure
errno will be set to one of the following:
- EACCES
- A semaphore set exists for key, but the calling
process does not have permission to access the set, and does not have the
CAP_IPC_OWNER capability.
- EEXIST
- A semaphore set exists for key and semflg was
asserting both IPC_CREAT and IPC_EXCL.
- EINVAL
- nsems is less than 0 or greater than the limit on
the number of semaphores per semaphore set (SEMMSL), or a semaphore
set corresponding to key already exists, and nsems is larger
than the number of semaphores in that set.
- ENOENT
- No semaphore set exists for key and semflg
wasn't asserting IPC_CREAT.
- ENOMEM
- A semaphore set has to be created but the system has not
enough memory for the new data structure.
- ENOSPC
- A semaphore set has to be created but the system limit for
the maximum number of semaphore sets (SEMMNI), or the system wide
maximum number of semaphores (SEMMNS), would be exceeded.
IPC_PRIVATE isn't a flag field but a
key_t type. If this special
value is used for
key, the system call ignores everything but the
low-order 9 bits of
semflg and creates a new semaphore set (on
success).
The followings are limits on semaphore set resources affecting a
semget
call:
- SEMMNI
- System wide maximum number of semaphore sets: policy
dependent.
- SEMMSL
- Maximum number of semaphores per semid: implementation
dependent (500 currently).
- SEMMNS
- System wide maximum number of semaphores: policy dependent.
Values greater than SEMMSL * SEMMNI makes it irrelevant.
The name choice IPC_PRIVATE was perhaps unfortunate, IPC_NEW would more clearly
show its function.
The data structure associated with each semaphore in the set isn't initialized
by the system call. In order to initialize those data structures, one has to
execute a subsequent call to
semctl(2) to perform a
SETVAL or a
SETALL command on the semaphore set.
SVr4, SVID. SVr4 documents additional error conditions EFBIG, E2BIG, EAGAIN,
ERANGE, EFAULT.
semctl(2),
semop(2),
ftok(3),
ipc(5),
capabilities(7)
