Originální popis anglicky:
rtnetlink, NETLINK_ROUTE - Linux IPv4 routing socket
Návod, kniha: Linux Programmer's Manual
#include <asm/types.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>
#include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
rtnetlink_socket = socket(PF_NETLINK, int socket_type,
NETLINK_ROUTE);
Rtnetlink allows the kernel's routing tables to be read and altered. It is used
within the kernel to communicate between various subsystems, though this usage
is not documented here, and for communication with user-space programs.
Network routes, ip addresses, link parameters, neighbour setups, queueing
disciplines, traffic classes and packet classifiers may all be controlled
through
NETLINK_ROUTE sockets. It is based on netlink messages, see
netlink(7) for more information.
Some rtnetlink messages have optional attributes after the initial header:
struct rtattr
{
unsigned short rta_len; /* Length of option */
unsigned short rta_type; /* Type of option */
/* Data follows */
};
These attributes should be only manipulated using the RTA_* macros or
libnetlink, see
rtnetlink(3).
Rtnetlink consists of these message types (in addition to standard netlink
messages):
- RTM_NEWLINK, RTM_DELLINK,
RTM_GETLINK
- Create, remove or get information about a specific network
interface. These messages contain an ifinfomsg structure followed
by a series of rtattr structures.
struct ifinfomsg
{
unsigned char ifi_family; /* AF_UNSPEC */
unsigned short ifi_type; /* Device type */
int ifi_index; /* Interface index */
unsigned int ifi_flags; /* Device flags */
unsigned int ifi_change; /* change mask */
};
ifi_flags contains the device flags, see netdevice(7);
ifi_index is the unique interface index, ifi_change is
reserved for future use and should be always set to 0xFFFFFFFF.
| Routing attributes |
|
|
| rta_type |
value type |
description |
|
| IFLA_UNSPEC |
- |
unspecified. |
| IFLA_ADDRESS |
hardware address |
interface L2 address |
| IFLA_BROADCAST |
hardware address |
L2 broadcast address. |
| IFLA_IFNAME |
asciiz string |
Device name. |
| IFLA_MTU |
unsigned int |
MTU of the device. |
| IFLA_LINK |
int |
Link type. |
| IFLA_QDISC |
asciiz string |
Queueing discipline. |
| IFLA_STATS |
struct net_device_stats |
Interface Statistics. |
- RTM_NEWADDR, RTM_DELADDR,
RTM_GETADDR
- Add, remove or receive information about an IP address
associated with an interface. In Linux 2.2 an interface can carry multiple
IP addresses, this replaces the alias device concept in 2.0. In Linux 2.2
these messages support IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. They contain an
ifaddrmsg structure, optionally followed by rtaddr routing
attributes.
struct ifaddrmsg
{
unsigned char ifa_family; /* Address type */
unsigned char ifa_prefixlen; /* Prefixlength of the address */
unsigned char ifa_flags; /* Address flags */
unsigned char ifa_scope; /* Address scope */
int ifa_index; /* Interface index */
};
ifa_family is the address family type (currently AF_INET or
AF_INET6), ifa_prefixlen is the length of the address mask
of the address if defined for the family (like for IPv4), ifa_scope
is the address scope, ifa_index is the interface index of the
interface the address is associated with. ifa_flags is a flag word
of IFA_F_SECONDARY for secondary address (old alias interface),
IFA_F_PERMANENT for a permanent address set by the user and other
undocumented flags.
| Attributes |
|
|
| rta_type |
value type |
description |
|
| IFA_UNSPEC |
- |
unspecified. |
| IFA_ADDRESS |
raw protocol address |
interface address |
| IFA_LOCAL |
raw protocol address |
local address |
| IFA_LABEL |
asciiz string |
name of the interface |
| IFA_BROADCAST |
raw protocol address |
broadcast address. |
| IFA_ANYCAST |
raw protocol address |
anycast address |
| IFA_CACHEINFO |
struct ifa_cacheinfo |
Address information. |
- RTM_NEWROUTE, RTM_DELROUTE,
RTM_GETROUTE
- Create, remove or receive information about a network
route. These messages contain an rtmsg structure with an optional
sequence of rtattr structures following. For RTM_GETROUTE
setting rtm_dst_len and rtm_src_len to 0 means you get all
entries for the specified routing table. For the other fields except
rtm_table and rtm_protocol 0 is the wildcard.
struct rtmsg
{
unsigned char rtm_family; /* Address family of route */
unsigned char rtm_dst_len; /* Length of source */
unsigned char rtm_src_len; /* Length of destination */
unsigned char rtm_tos; /* TOS filter */
unsigned char rtm_table; /* Routing table id */
unsigned char rtm_protocol; /* Routing protocol; see below */
unsigned char rtm_scope; /* See below */
unsigned char rtm_type; /* See below */
unsigned int rtm_flags;
};
| rtm_type |
Route type |
|
| RTN_UNSPEC |
unknown route |
| RTN_UNICAST |
a gateway or direct route |
| RTN_LOCAL |
a local interface route |
| RTN_BROADCAST |
a local broadcast route (sent as a broadcast) |
| RTN_ANYCAST |
a local broadcast route (sent as a unicast) |
| RTN_MULTICAST |
a multicast route |
| RTN_BLACKHOLE |
a packet dropping route |
| RTN_UNREACHABLE |
an unreachable destination |
| RTN_PROHIBIT |
a packet rejection route |
| RTN_THROW |
continue routing lookup in another table |
| RTN_NAT |
a network address translation rule |
| RTN_XRESOLVE |
refer to an external resolver (not implemented) |
| rtm_protocol |
Route origin. |
|
| RTPROT_UNSPEC |
unknown |
| RTPROT_REDIRECT |
by an ICMP redirect (currently unused) |
| RTPROT_KERNEL |
by the kernel |
| RTPROT_BOOT |
during boot |
| RTPROT_STATIC |
by the administrator |
Values larger than RTPROT_STATIC are not interpreted by the kernel,
they are just for user information. They may be used to tag the source of
a routing information or to distingush between multiple routing daemons.
See <linux/rtnetlink.h> for the routing daemon identifiers
which are already assigned.
rtm_scope is the distance to the destination:
| RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE |
global route |
| RT_SCOPE_SITE |
interior route in the local autonomous system |
| RT_SCOPE_LINK |
route on this link |
| RT_SCOPE_HOST |
route on the local host |
| RT_SCOPE_NOWHERE |
destination doesn't exist |
The values between RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE and RT_SCOPE_SITE are
available to the user.
The rtm_flags have the following meanings:
| RTM_F_NOTIFY |
if the route changes, notify the user via rtnetlink |
| RTM_F_CLONED |
route is cloned from another route |
| RTM_F_EQUALIZE |
a multicast equalizer (not yet implemented) |
rtm_table specifies the routing table
| RT_TABLE_UNSPEC |
an unspecified routing table |
| RT_TABLE_DEFAULT |
the default table |
| RT_TABLE_MAIN |
the main table |
| RT_TABLE_LOCAL |
the local table |
The user may assign arbitary values between RT_TABLE_UNSPEC and
RT_TABLE_DEFAULT.
| Attributes |
|
|
| rta_type |
value type |
description |
|
| RTA_UNSPEC |
- |
ignored. |
| RTA_DST |
protocol address |
Route destination address. |
| RTA_SRC |
protocol address |
Route source address. |
| RTA_IIF |
int |
Input interface index. |
| RTA_OIF |
int |
Output interface index. |
| RTA_GATEWAY |
protocol address |
The gateway of the route |
| RTA_PRIORITY |
int |
Priority of route. |
| RTA_PREFSRC |
|
|
| RTA_METRICS |
int |
Route metric |
| RTA_MULTIPATH |
|
|
| RTA_PROTOINFO |
|
|
| RTA_FLOW |
|
|
| RTA_CACHEINFO |
|
|
Fill these values in!
- RTM_NEWNEIGH, RTM_DELNEIGH,
RTM_GETNEIGH
- Add, remove or receive information about a neighbour table
entry (e.g. an ARP entry). The message contains an ndmsg structure.
struct ndmsg
{
unsigned char ndm_family;
int ndm_ifindex; /* Interface index */
__u16 ndm_state; /* State */
__u8 ndm_flags; /* Flags */
__u8 ndm_type;
};
struct nda_cacheinfo
{
__u32 ndm_confirmed;
__u32 ndm_used;
__u32 ndm_updated;
__u32 ndm_refcnt;
};
ndm_state is a bitmask of the following states:
| NUD_INCOMPLETE |
a currently resolving cache entry |
| NUD_REACHABLE |
a confirmed working cache entry |
| NUD_STALE |
an expired cache entry |
| NUD_DELAY |
an entry waiting for a timer |
| NUD_PROBE |
a cache entry that is currently reprobed |
| NUD_FAILED |
an invalid cache entry |
| NUD_NOARP |
a device with no destination cache |
| NUD_PERMANENT |
a static entry |
Valid ndm_flags are:
| NTF_PROXY |
a proxy arp entry |
| NTF_ROUTER |
an IPv6 router |
document the members of the struct better
The rtaddr struct has the following meanings for the rta_type
field:
| NDA_UNSPEC |
unknown type |
| NDA_DST |
a neighbour cache network layer destination address |
| NDA_LLADDR |
a neighbour cache link layer address |
| NDA_CACHEINFO |
cache statistics. |
If the rta_type field is NDA_CACHEINFO then a struct
nda_cacheinfo header follows
- RTM_NEWRULE, RTM_DELRULE,
RTM_GETRULE
- Add, delete or retrieve a routing rule. Carries a struct
rtmsg
- RTM_NEWQDISC, RTM_DELQDISC,
RTM_GETQDISC
- Add, remove or get a queueing discipline. The message
contains a struct tcmsg and may be followed by a series of
attributes.
struct tcmsg
{
unsigned char tcm_family;
int tcm_ifindex; /* interface index */
__u32 tcm_handle; /* Qdisc handle */
__u32 tcm_parent; /* Parent qdisc */
__u32 tcm_info;
};
| Attributes |
|
|
| rta_type |
value type |
Description |
|
| TCA_UNSPEC |
- |
unspecified |
| TCA_KIND |
asciiz string |
Name of queueing discipline |
| TCA_OPTIONS |
byte sequence |
Qdisc specific options follow |
| TCA_STATS |
struct tc_stats |
Qdisc statistics. |
| TCA_XSTATS |
qdisc specific |
Module specific statistics. |
| TCA_RATE |
struct tc_estimator |
Rate limit. |
In addition various other qdisc module specific attributes are allowed. For
more information see the appropriate include files.
- RTM_NEWTCLASS, RTM_DELTCLASS,
RTM_GETTCLASS
- Add, remove or get a traffic class. These messages contain
a struct tcmsg as described above.
- RTM_NEWTFILTER, RTM_DELTFILTER,
RTM_GETTFILTER
- Add, remove or receive information about a traffic filter.
These messages contain a struct tcmsg as described above.
rtnetlink is a new feature of Linux 2.2.
This manual page is lacking and incomplete.
cmsg(3),
rtnetlink(3),
ip(7),
netlink(7)
