Originální popis anglicky:
fprintf, printf, snprintf, sprintf - print formatted output
Návod, kniha: POSIX Programmer's Manual
#include <stdio.h>
int fprintf(FILE *restrict
stream, const char
*restrict format, ...);
int printf(const char *restrict
format, ...);
int snprintf(char *restrict
s, size_t
n ,
const char *restrict
format, ...);
int sprintf(char *restrict
s, const char
*restrict format, ...);
The
fprintf() function shall place output on the named output
stream. The
printf() function shall place output on the standard
output stream
stdout. The
sprintf() function shall place output
followed by the null byte,
'\0' , in consecutive bytes starting at
*
s; it is the user's responsibility to ensure that enough space is
available.
The
snprintf() function shall be equivalent to
sprintf(), with the
addition of the
n argument which states the size of the buffer referred
to by
s. If
n is zero, nothing shall be written and
s may
be a null pointer. Otherwise, output bytes beyond the
n-1st shall be
discarded instead of being written to the array, and a null byte is written at
the end of the bytes actually written into the array.
If copying takes place between objects that overlap as a result of a call to
sprintf() or
snprintf(), the results are undefined.
Each of these functions converts, formats, and prints its arguments under
control of the
format. The
format is a character string,
beginning and ending in its initial shift state, if any. The
format is
composed of zero or more directives:
ordinary characters, which are
simply copied to the output stream, and
conversion specifications, each
of which shall result in the fetching of zero or more arguments. The results
are undefined if there are insufficient arguments for the
format. If
the
format is exhausted while arguments remain, the excess arguments
shall be evaluated but are otherwise ignored.
Conversions can be applied to the
nth argument after the
format in
the argument list, rather than to the next unused argument. In this case, the
conversion specifier character
% (see below) is replaced by the
sequence
"%n$", where
n is a decimal
integer in the range [1,{NL_ARGMAX}], giving the position of the argument in
the argument list. This feature provides for the definition of format strings
that select arguments in an order appropriate to specific languages (see the
EXAMPLES section).
The
format can contain either numbered argument conversion specifications
(that is,
"%n$" and
"*m$"), or unnumbered argument conversion
specifications (that is,
% and
* ), but not both. The only
exception to this is that
%% can be mixed with the
"%n $" form. The results of mixing numbered and
unnumbered argument specifications in a
format string are undefined.
When numbered argument specifications are used, specifying the
Nth
argument requires that all the leading arguments, from the first to the (
N-1)th, are specified in the format string.
In format strings containing the
"%n$" form of
conversion specification, numbered arguments in the argument list can be
referenced from the format string as many times as required.
In format strings containing the
% form of conversion specification, each
conversion specification uses the first unused argument in the argument list.
All forms of the
fprintf() functions allow for the insertion of a
language-dependent radix character in the output string. The radix character
is defined in the program's locale (category
LC_NUMERIC ). In
the POSIX locale, or in a locale where the radix character is not defined, the
radix character shall default to a period (
'.' ).
Each conversion specification is introduced by the
'%' character
or by the character sequence
"%n$",
after which the following appear in sequence:
- *
- Zero or more flags (in any order), which modify the
meaning of the conversion specification.
- *
- An optional minimum field width. If the converted
value has fewer bytes than the field width, it shall be padded with spaces
by default on the left; it shall be padded on the right if the
left-adjustment flag ( '-' ), described below, is given to the
field width. The field width takes the form of an asterisk ( '*' ),
described below, or a decimal integer.
- *
- An optional precision that gives the minimum number
of digits to appear for the d , i , o , u ,
x , and X conversion specifiers; the number of digits to
appear after the radix character for the a , A , e ,
E , f , and F conversion specifiers; the maximum
number of significant digits for the g and G conversion
specifiers; or the maximum number of bytes to be printed from a string in
the s and S conversion specifiers. The
precision takes the form of a period ( '.' ) followed either by an
asterisk ( '*' ), described below, or an optional decimal digit
string, where a null digit string is treated as zero. If a precision
appears with any other conversion specifier, the behavior is
undefined.
- *
- An optional length modifier that specifies the size of the
argument.
- *
- A conversion specifier character that indicates the
type of conversion to be applied.
A field width, or precision, or both, may be indicated by an asterisk (
'*' ). In this case an argument of type
int supplies the field
width or precision. Applications shall ensure that arguments specifying field
width, or precision, or both appear in that order before the argument, if any,
to be converted. A negative field width is taken as a
'-' flag followed
by a positive field width. A negative precision is taken as if the precision
were omitted. In format strings containing the
"%n$" form of a conversion specification, a
field width or precision may be indicated by the sequence
"*m $", where
m is a decimal integer in
the range [1,{NL_ARGMAX}] giving the position in the argument list (after the
format argument) of an integer argument containing the field width or
precision, for example:
printf("%1$d:%2$.*3$d:%4$.*3$d\n", hour, min, precision, sec);
The flag characters and their meanings are:
- '
- The integer portion of the result of a decimal conversion (
%i , %d , %u , %f , %F , %g , or
%G ) shall be formatted with thousands' grouping characters. For
other conversions the behavior is undefined. The non-monetary grouping
character is used.
- -
- The result of the conversion shall be left-justified within
the field. The conversion is right-justified if this flag is not
specified.
- +
- The result of a signed conversion shall always begin with a
sign ( '+' or '-' ). The conversion shall begin with a sign
only when a negative value is converted if this flag is not
specified.
- <space>
- If the first character of a signed conversion is not a sign
or if a signed conversion results in no characters, a <space> shall
be prefixed to the result. This means that if the <space> and
'+' flags both appear, the <space> flag shall be
ignored.
- #
- Specifies that the value is to be converted to an
alternative form. For o conversion, it increases the precision (if
necessary) to force the first digit of the result to be zero. For x
or X conversion specifiers, a non-zero result shall have 0x (or 0X)
prefixed to it. For a , A , e , E , f ,
F , g , and G conversion specifiers, the result shall
always contain a radix character, even if no digits follow the radix
character. Without this flag, a radix character appears in the result of
these conversions only if a digit follows it. For g and G
conversion specifiers, trailing zeros shall not be removed from the
result as they normally are. For other conversion specifiers, the behavior
is undefined.
- 0
- For d , i , o , u , x ,
X , a , A , e , E , f , F
, g , and G conversion specifiers, leading zeros (following
any indication of sign or base) are used to pad to the field width; no
space padding is performed. If the '0' and '-' flags both
appear, the '0' flag is ignored. For d , i , o
, u , x , and X conversion specifiers, if a precision
is specified, the '0' flag is ignored. If the '0'
and '" flags both appear, the grouping characters are inserted
before zero padding. For other conversions, the behavior is undefined.
The length modifiers and their meanings are:
- hh
- Specifies that a following d , i , o ,
u , x , or X conversion specifier applies to a
signed char or unsigned char argument (the argument will
have been promoted according to the integer promotions, but its value
shall be converted to signed char or unsigned char before
printing); or that a following n conversion specifier applies to a
pointer to a signed char argument.
- h
- Specifies that a following d , i , o ,
u , x , or X conversion specifier applies to a
short or unsigned short argument (the argument will have
been promoted according to the integer promotions, but its value shall be
converted to short or unsigned short before
printing); or that a following n conversion specifier applies to a
pointer to a short argument.
- l (ell)
- Specifies that a following d , i , o ,
u , x , or X conversion specifier applies to a
long or unsigned long argument; that a following n
conversion specifier applies to a pointer to a long argument; that
a following c conversion specifier applies to a wint_t
argument; that a following s conversion specifier applies to a
pointer to a wchar_t argument; or has no effect on a following
a , A , e , E , f , F , g
, or G conversion specifier.
- ll (ell-ell)
-
Specifies that a following d , i , o , u ,
x , or X conversion specifier applies to a long long
or unsigned long long argument; or that a following n
conversion specifier applies to a pointer to a long long
argument.
- j
- Specifies that a following d , i , o ,
u , x , or X conversion specifier applies to an
intmax_t or uintmax_t argument; or that a following n
conversion specifier applies to a pointer to an intmax_t
argument.
- z
- Specifies that a following d , i , o ,
u , x , or X conversion specifier applies to a
size_t or the corresponding signed integer type argument; or that a
following n conversion specifier applies to a pointer to a signed
integer type corresponding to a size_t argument.
- t
- Specifies that a following d , i , o ,
u , x , or X conversion specifier applies to a
ptrdiff_t or the corresponding unsigned type argument; or
that a following n conversion specifier applies to a pointer to a
ptrdiff_t argument.
- L
- Specifies that a following a , A , e ,
E , f , F , g , or G conversion
specifier applies to a long double argument.
If a length modifier appears with any conversion specifier other than as
specified above, the behavior is undefined.
The conversion specifiers and their meanings are:
- d, i
- The int argument shall be converted to a signed
decimal in the style "[-]dddd". The
precision specifies the minimum number of digits to appear; if the value
being converted can be represented in fewer digits, it shall be expanded
with leading zeros. The default precision is 1. The result of converting
zero with an explicit precision of zero shall be no characters.
- o
- The unsigned argument shall be converted to unsigned
octal format in the style "dddd". The
precision specifies the minimum number of digits to appear; if the value
being converted can be represented in fewer digits, it shall be expanded
with leading zeros. The default precision is 1. The result of converting
zero with an explicit precision of zero shall be no characters.
- u
- The unsigned argument shall be converted to unsigned
decimal format in the style "dddd". The
precision specifies the minimum number of digits to appear; if the value
being converted can be represented in fewer digits, it shall be expanded
with leading zeros. The default precision is 1. The result of converting
zero with an explicit precision of zero shall be no characters.
- x
- The unsigned argument shall be converted to unsigned
hexadecimal format in the style "dddd"; the
letters "abcdef" are used. The precision specifies the
minimum number of digits to appear; if the value being converted can be
represented in fewer digits, it shall be expanded with leading zeros. The
default precision is 1. The result of converting zero with an explicit
precision of zero shall be no characters.
- X
- Equivalent to the x conversion specifier, except
that letters "ABCDEF" are used instead of
"abcdef" .
- f, F
- The double argument shall be converted to decimal
notation in the style
"[-]ddd.ddd", where the
number of digits after the radix character is equal to the precision
specification. If the precision is missing, it shall be taken as 6; if the
precision is explicitly zero and no '#' flag is present, no radix
character shall appear. If a radix character appears, at least one digit
appears before it. The low-order digit shall be rounded in an
implementation-defined manner.
A
double argument representing an infinity shall be converted in one of
the styles
"[-]inf" or
"[-]infinity" ; which
style is implementation-defined. A
double argument representing a NaN
shall be converted in one of the styles
"[-]nan(n-char-sequence )" or
"[-]nan" ; which style, and the meaning of any
n-char-sequence, is implementation-defined. The
F conversion
specifier produces
"INF" ,
"INFINITY" , or
"NAN" instead of
"inf" ,
"infinity" , or
"nan" , respectively.
- e, E
- The double argument shall be converted in the style
"[-]d.ddde±dd",
where there is one digit before the radix character (which is non-zero if
the argument is non-zero) and the number of digits after it is equal to
the precision; if the precision is missing, it shall be taken as 6; if the
precision is zero and no '#' flag is present, no radix character
shall appear. The low-order digit shall be rounded in an
implementation-defined manner. The E conversion specifier shall
produce a number with 'E' instead of 'e' introducing the
exponent. The exponent shall always contain at least two digits. If the
value is zero, the exponent shall be zero.
A
double argument representing an infinity or NaN shall be converted in
the style of an
f or
F conversion specifier.
- g, G
- The double argument shall be converted in the style
f or e (or in the style F or E in the case of
a G conversion specifier), with the precision specifying the number
of significant digits. If an explicit precision is zero, it shall be taken
as 1. The style used depends on the value converted; style e (or
E ) shall be used only if the exponent resulting from such a
conversion is less than -4 or greater than or equal to the precision.
Trailing zeros shall be removed from the fractional portion of the result;
a radix character shall appear only if it is followed by a digit or a
'#' flag is present.
A
double argument representing an infinity or NaN shall be converted in
the style of an
f or
F conversion specifier.
- a, A
- A double argument representing a floating-point
number shall be converted in the style
"[-]0xh.hhhhp±d",
where there is one hexadecimal digit (which shall be non-zero if the
argument is a normalized floating-point number and is otherwise
unspecified) before the decimal-point character and the number of
hexadecimal digits after it is equal to the precision; if the precision is
missing and FLT_RADIX is a power of 2, then the precision shall be
sufficient for an exact representation of the value; if the precision is
missing and FLT_RADIX is not a power of 2, then the precision shall be
sufficient to distinguish values of type double, except that
trailing zeros may be omitted; if the precision is zero and the '#'
flag is not specified, no decimal-point character shall appear. The
letters "abcdef" shall be used for a conversion
and the letters "ABCDEF" for A conversion. The
A conversion specifier produces a number with 'X' and
'P' instead of 'x' and 'p' . The exponent shall
always contain at least one digit, and only as many more digits as
necessary to represent the decimal exponent of 2. If the value is zero,
the exponent shall be zero.
A
double argument representing an infinity or NaN shall be converted in
the style of an
f or
F conversion specifier.
- c
- The int argument shall be converted to an
unsigned char, and the resulting byte shall be written.
If an
l (ell) qualifier is present, the
wint_t argument shall be
converted as if by an
ls conversion specification with no precision and
an argument that points to a two-element array of type
wchar_t, the
first element of which contains the
wint_t argument to the
ls
conversion specification and the second element contains a null wide
character.
- s
- The argument shall be a pointer to an array of char.
Bytes from the array shall be written up to (but not including) any
terminating null byte. If the precision is specified, no more than that
many bytes shall be written. If the precision is not specified or is
greater than the size of the array, the application shall ensure that the
array contains a null byte.
If an
l (ell) qualifier is present, the argument shall be a pointer to an
array of type
wchar_t. Wide characters from the array shall be
converted to characters (each as if by a call to the
wcrtomb()
function, with the conversion state described by an
mbstate_t object
initialized to zero before the first wide character is converted) up to and
including a terminating null wide character. The resulting characters shall be
written up to (but not including) the terminating null character (byte). If no
precision is specified, the application shall ensure that the array contains a
null wide character. If a precision is specified, no more than that many
characters (bytes) shall be written (including shift sequences, if any), and
the array shall contain a null wide character if, to equal the character
sequence length given by the precision, the function would need to access a
wide character one past the end of the array. In no case shall a partial
character be written.
- p
- The argument shall be a pointer to void. The value
of the pointer is converted to a sequence of printable characters, in an
implementation-defined manner.
- n
- The argument shall be a pointer to an integer into which is
written the number of bytes written to the output so far by this call to
one of the fprintf() functions. No argument is converted.
- C
- Equivalent to lc .
- S
- Equivalent to ls .
- %
- Print a '%' character; no argument is converted. The
complete conversion specification shall be %% .
If a conversion specification does not match one of the above forms, the
behavior is undefined. If any argument is not the correct type for the
corresponding conversion specification, the behavior is undefined.
In no case shall a nonexistent or small field width cause truncation of a field;
if the result of a conversion is wider than the field width, the field shall
be expanded to contain the conversion result. Characters generated by
fprintf() and
printf() are printed as if
fputc() had been
called.
For the
a and
A conversion specifiers, if FLT_RADIX is a power of
2, the value shall be correctly rounded to a hexadecimal floating number with
the given precision.
For
a and
A conversions, if FLT_RADIX is not a power of 2 and the
result is not exactly representable in the given precision, the result should
be one of the two adjacent numbers in hexadecimal floating style with the
given precision, with the extra stipulation that the error should have a
correct sign for the current rounding direction.
For the
e ,
E ,
f ,
F ,
g , and
G
conversion specifiers, if the number of significant decimal digits is at most
DECIMAL_DIG, then the result should be correctly rounded. If the number of
significant decimal digits is more than DECIMAL_DIG but the source value is
exactly representable with DECIMAL_DIG digits, then the result should be an
exact representation with trailing zeros. Otherwise, the source value is
bounded by two adjacent decimal strings
L <
U, both having
DECIMAL_DIG significant digits; the value of the resultant decimal string
D should satisfy
L <=
D <=
U, with the extra
stipulation that the error should have a correct sign for the current rounding
direction.
The
st_ctime and
st_mtime fields of the file shall be marked for
update between the call to a successful execution of
fprintf() or
printf() and the next successful completion of a call to
fflush() or
fclose() on the same stream or a call to
exit() or
abort().
Upon successful completion, the
fprintf() and
printf() functions
shall return the number of bytes transmitted.
Upon successful completion, the
sprintf() function shall return the
number of bytes written to
s, excluding the terminating null byte.
Upon successful completion, the
snprintf() function shall return the
number of bytes that would be written to
s had
n been
sufficiently large excluding the terminating null byte.
If an output error was encountered, these functions shall return a negative
value.
If the value of
n is zero on a call to
snprintf(), nothing shall
be written, the number of bytes that would have been written had
n been
sufficiently large excluding the terminating null shall be returned, and
s may be a null pointer.
For the conditions under which
fprintf() and
printf() fail and may
fail, refer to
fputc() or
fputwc() .
In addition, all forms of
fprintf() may fail if:
- EILSEQ
- A wide-character code that does not correspond to a valid
character has been detected.
- EINVAL
- There are insufficient arguments.
The
printf() and
fprintf() functions may fail if:
- ENOMEM
- Insufficient storage space is available.
The
snprintf() function shall fail if:
- EOVERFLOW
- The value of n is greater than {INT_MAX} or the
number of bytes needed to hold the output excluding the terminating null
is greater than {INT_MAX}.
The following sections are informative.
The following statement can be used to print date and time using a
language-independent format:
printf(format, weekday, month, day, hour, min);
For American usage,
format could be a pointer to the following string:
This example would produce the following message:
For German usage,
format could be a pointer to the following string:
"%1$s, %3$d. %2$s, %4$d:%5$.2d\n"
This definition of
format would produce the following message:
The following example prints information about the type, permissions, and number
of links of a specific file in a directory.
The first two calls to
printf() use data decoded from a previous
stat() call. The user-defined
strperm() function shall return a
string similar to the one at the beginning of the output for the following
command:
The next call to
printf() outputs the owner's name if it is found using
getpwuid(); the
getpwuid() function shall return a
passwd
structure from which the name of the user is extracted. If the user name is
not found, the program instead prints out the numeric value of the user ID.
The next call prints out the group name if it is found using
getgrgid();
getgrgid() is very similar to
getpwuid() except that it shall
return group information based on the group number. Once again, if the group
is not found, the program prints the numeric value of the group for the entry.
The final call to
printf() prints the size of the file.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <grp.h>
char *strperm (mode_t);
...
struct stat statbuf;
struct passwd *pwd;
struct group *grp;
...
printf("%10.10s", strperm (statbuf.st_mode));
printf("%4d", statbuf.st_nlink);
if ((pwd = getpwuid(statbuf.st_uid)) != NULL)
printf(" %-8.8s", pwd->pw_name);
else
printf(" %-8ld", (long) statbuf.st_uid);
if ((grp = getgrgid(statbuf.st_gid)) != NULL)
printf(" %-8.8s", grp->gr_name);
else
printf(" %-8ld", (long) statbuf.st_gid);
printf("%9jd", (intmax_t) statbuf.st_size);
...
The following example gets a localized date string. The
nl_langinfo()
function shall return the localized date string, which specifies the order and
layout of the date. The
strftime() function takes this information and,
using the
tm structure for values, places the date and time information
into
datestring. The
printf() function then outputs
datestring and the name of the entry.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <langinfo.h>
...
struct dirent *dp;
struct tm *tm;
char datestring[256];
...
strftime(datestring, sizeof(datestring), nl_langinfo (D_T_FMT), tm);
printf(" %s %s\n", datestring, dp->d_name);
...
The following example uses
fprintf() to write error information to
standard error.
In the first group of calls, the program tries to open the password lock file
named
LOCKFILE. If the file already exists, this is an error, as
indicated by the O_EXCL flag on the
open() function. If the call fails,
the program assumes that someone else is updating the password file, and the
program exits.
The next group of calls saves a new password file as the current password file
by creating a link between
LOCKFILE and the new password file
PASSWDFILE.
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#define LOCKFILE "/etc/ptmp"
#define PASSWDFILE "/etc/passwd"
...
int pfd;
...
if ((pfd = open(LOCKFILE, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL,
S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH)) == -1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open /etc/ptmp. Try again later.\n");
exit(1);
}
...
if (link(LOCKFILE,PASSWDFILE) == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Link error: %s\n", strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
...
The following example checks to make sure the program has the necessary
arguments, and uses
fprintf() to print usage information if the
expected number of arguments is not present.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
...
char *Options = "hdbtl";
...
if (argc < 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s -%s <file\n", argv[0], Options); exit(1);
}
...
The following example prints a key and data pair on
stdout. Note use of
the
'*' (asterisk) in the format string; this ensures the correct
number of decimal places for the element based on the number of elements
requested.
#include <stdio.h>
...
long i;
char *keystr;
int elementlen, len;
...
while (len < elementlen) {
...
printf("%s Element%0*ld\n", keystr, elementlen, i);
...
}
The following example creates a filename using information from a previous
getpwnam() function that returned the HOME directory of the user.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
...
char filename[PATH_MAX+1];
struct passwd *pw;
...
sprintf(filename, "%s/%d.out", pw->pw_dir, getpid());
...
The following example loops until an event has timed out. The
pause()
function waits forever unless it receives a signal. The
fprintf()
statement should never occur due to the possible return values of
pause().
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
...
while (!event_complete) {
...
if (pause() != -1 || errno != EINTR)
fprintf(stderr, "pause: unknown error: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
...
The following example uses
strfmon() to convert a number and store it as
a formatted monetary string named
convbuf. If the first number is
printed, the program prints the format and the description; otherwise, it just
prints the number.
#include <monetary.h>
#include <stdio.h>
...
struct tblfmt {
char *format;
char *description;
};
struct tblfmt table[] = {
{ "%n", "default formatting" },
{ "%11n", "right align within an 11 character field" },
{ "%#5n", "aligned columns for values up to 99999" },
{ "%=*#5n", "specify a fill character" },
{ "%=0#5n", "fill characters do not use grouping" },
{ "%^#5n", "disable the grouping separator" },
{ "%^#5.0n", "round off to whole units" },
{ "%^#5.4n", "increase the precision" },
{ "%(#5n", "use an alternative pos/neg style" },
{ "%!(#5n", "disable the currency symbol" },
};
...
float input[3];
int i, j;
char convbuf[100];
...
strfmon(convbuf, sizeof(convbuf), table[i].format, input[j]);
if (j == 0) {
printf("%s %s %s\n", table[i].format,
convbuf, table[i].description);
}
else {
printf(" %s\n", convbuf);
}
...
The following example prints a series of wide characters. Suppose that
"L`@`" expands to three bytes:
wchar_t wz [3] = L"@@"; // Zero-terminated
wchar_t wn [3] = L"@@@"; // Unterminated
fprintf (stdout,"%ls", wz); // Outputs 6 bytes
fprintf (stdout,"%ls", wn); // Undefined because wn has no terminator
fprintf (stdout,"%4ls", wz); // Outputs 3 bytes
fprintf (stdout,"%4ls", wn); // Outputs 3 bytes; no terminator needed
fprintf (stdout,"%9ls", wz); // Outputs 6 bytes
fprintf (stdout,"%9ls", wn); // Outputs 9 bytes; no terminator needed
fprintf (stdout,"%10ls", wz); // Outputs 6 bytes
fprintf (stdout,"%10ls", wn); // Undefined because wn has no terminator
In the last line of the example, after processing three characters, nine bytes
have been output. The fourth character must then be examined to determine
whether it converts to one byte or more. If it converts to more than one byte,
the output is only nine bytes. Since there is no fourth character in the
array, the behavior is undefined.
If the application calling
fprintf() has any objects of type
wint_t or
wchar_t, it must also include the
<wchar.h> header to have these objects defined.
None.
None.
fputc() ,
fscanf() ,
setlocale() ,
strfmon() ,
wcrtomb() , the Base Definitions volume of
IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Chapter 7, Locale,
<stdio.h>,
<wchar.h>
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE
Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable
Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue
6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between
this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original
IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original
Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html
.
