netinet/in.h: Rodina internetových adres

Originální popis anglicky: netinet/in.h - Internet address family

Návod, kniha: POSIX Programmer's Manual

POPIS / INSTRUKCE

The <netinet/in.h> header shall define the following types:

in_port_t: Equivalent to the type uint16_t as defined in <inttypes.h> .

in_addr_t: Equivalent to the type uint32_t as defined in <inttypes.h> .

The sa_family_t type shall be defined as described in <sys/socket.h> .

The uint8_t and uint32_t type shall be defined as described in <inttypes.h>. Inclusion of the <netinet/in.h> header may also make visible all symbols from <inttypes.h> and <sys/socket.h>.

The <netinet/in.h> header shall define the in_addr structure that includes at least the following member:


in_addr_t  s_addr

The <netinet/in.h> header shall define the sockaddr_in structure that includes at least the following members (all in network byte order):


sa_family_t     sin_family   AF_INET. 
in_port_t       sin_port     Port number. 
struct in_addr  sin_addr     IP address.

The sockaddr_in structure is used to store addresses for the Internet address family. Values of this type shall be cast by applications to struct sockaddr for use with socket functions.

The <netinet/in.h> header shall define the in6_addr structure that contains at least the following member:


uint8_t s6_addr[16]

This array is used to contain a 128-bit IPv6 address, stored in network byte order.

The <netinet/in.h> header shall define the sockaddr_in6 structure that includes at least the following members (all in network byte order):


sa_family_t      sin6_family    AF_INET6. 
in_port_t        sin6_port      Port number. 
uint32_t         sin6_flowinfo  IPv6 traffic class and flow information. 
struct in6_addr  sin6_addr      IPv6 address. 
uint32_t         sin6_scope_id  Set of interfaces for a scope.

The sockaddr_in6 structure shall be set to zero by an application prior to using it, since implementations are free to have additional, implementation-defined fields in sockaddr_in6.

The sin6_scope_id field is a 32-bit integer that identifies a set of interfaces as appropriate for the scope of the address carried in the sin6_addr field. For a link scope sin6_addr, the application shall ensure that sin6_scope_id is a link index. For a site scope sin6_addr, the application shall ensure that sin6_scope_id is a site index. The mapping of sin6_scope_id to an interface or set of interfaces is implementation-defined.

The <netinet/in.h> header shall declare the following external variable:


const struct in6_addr in6addr_any

This variable is initialized by the system to contain the wildcard IPv6 address. The <netinet/in.h> header also defines the IN6ADDR_ANY_INIT macro. This macro must be constant at compile time and can be used to initialize a variable of type struct in6_addr to the IPv6 wildcard address.

The <netinet/in.h> header shall declare the following external variable:


const struct in6_addr in6addr_loopback

This variable is initialized by the system to contain the loopback IPv6 address. The <netinet/in.h> header also defines the IN6ADDR_LOOPBACK_INIT macro. This macro must be constant at compile time and can be used to initialize a variable of type struct in6_addr to the IPv6 loopback address.

The <netinet/in.h> header shall define the ipv6_mreq structure that includes at least the following members:


struct in6_addr  ipv6mr_multiaddr  IPv6 multicast address. 
unsigned         ipv6mr_interface  Interface index.

The <netinet/in.h> header shall define the following macros for use as values of the level argument of getsockopt() and setsockopt():

IPPROTO_IP: Internet protocol.

IPPROTO_IPV6: Internet Protocol Version 6.

IPPROTO_ICMP: Control message protocol.

IPPROTO_RAW: Raw IP Packets Protocol.

IPPROTO_TCP: Transmission control protocol.

IPPROTO_UDP: User datagram protocol.

The <netinet/in.h> header shall define the following macros for use as destination addresses for connect(), sendmsg(), and sendto():

INADDR_ANY: IPv4 local host address.

INADDR_BROADCAST: IPv4 broadcast address.

The <netinet/in.h> header shall define the following macro to help applications declare buffers of the proper size to store IPv4 addresses in string form:

INET_ADDRSTRLEN: 16. Length of the string form for IP.

The htonl(), htons(), ntohl(), and ntohs() functions shall be available as defined in <arpa/inet.h> . Inclusion of the <netinet/in.h> header may also make visible all symbols from <arpa/inet.h> .

The <netinet/in.h> header shall define the following macro to help applications declare buffers of the proper size to store IPv6 addresses in string form:

INET6_ADDRSTRLEN: 46. Length of the string form for IPv6.

The <netinet/in.h> header shall define the following macros, with distinct integer values, for use in the option_name argument in the getsockopt() or setsockopt() functions at protocol level IPPROTO_IPV6:

IPV6_JOIN_GROUP: Join a multicast group.

IPV6_LEAVE_GROUP: Quit a multicast group.

IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS: Multicast hop limit.

IPV6_MULTICAST_IF: Interface to use for outgoing multicast packets.

IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP: Multicast packets are delivered back to the local application.

IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS: Unicast hop limit.

IPV6_V6ONLY: Restrict AF_INET6 socket to IPv6 communications only.

The <netinet/in.h> header shall define the following macros that test for special IPv6 addresses. Each macro is of type int and takes a single argument of type const struct in6_addr *:

IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED: Unspecified address.

IN6_IS_ADDR_LOOPBACK: Loopback address.

IN6_IS_ADDR_MULTICAST: Multicast address.

IN6_IS_ADDR_LINKLOCAL: Unicast link-local address.

IN6_IS_ADDR_SITELOCAL: Unicast site-local address.

IN6_IS_ADDR_V4MAPPED: IPv4 mapped address.

IN6_IS_ADDR_V4COMPAT: IPv4-compatible address.

IN6_IS_ADDR_MC_NODELOCAL: Multicast node-local address.

IN6_IS_ADDR_MC_LINKLOCAL: Multicast link-local address.

IN6_IS_ADDR_MC_SITELOCAL: Multicast site-local address.

IN6_IS_ADDR_MC_ORGLOCAL: Multicast organization-local address.

IN6_IS_ADDR_MC_GLOBAL: Multicast global address.

The following sections are informative.

APPLICATION USAGE

None.

RATIONALE

None.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

None.

SOUVISEJÍCÍ

Host and Network Byte Orders , <arpa/inet.h> , <inttypes.h> , <sys/socket.h> , the System Interfaces volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, connect(), getsockopt(), htonl(), htons(), ntohl(), ntohs(), sendmsg(), sendto(), setsockopt()

COPYRIGHT

Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .

2003	IEEE/The Open Group