Originální popis anglicky:
kill - send signal to a process
Návod, kniha: Linux Programmer's Manual
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <signal.h>
int kill(pid_t pid, int sig);
The
kill system call can be used to send any signal to any process group
or process.
If
pid is positive, then signal
sig is sent to
pid.
If
pid equals 0, then
sig is sent to every process in the process
group of the current process.
If
pid equals -1, then
sig is sent to every process except for
process 1 (init), but see below.
If
pid is less than -1, then
sig is sent to every process in the
process group
-pid.
If
sig is 0, then no signal is sent, but error checking is still
performed.
For a process to have permission to send a signal it must either be privileged
(under Linux: have the
CAP_KILL capability), or the real or effective
user ID of the sending process must equal the real or saved set-user-ID of the
target process. In the case of SIGCONT it suffices when the sending and
receiving processes belong to the same session.
On success (at least one signal was sent), zero is returned. On error, -1 is
returned, and
errno is set appropriately.
- EINVAL
- An invalid signal was specified.
- EPERM
- The process does not have permission to send the signal to
any of the target processes.
- ESRCH
- The pid or process group does not exist. Note that an
existing process might be a zombie, a process which already committed
termination, but has not yet been wait()ed for.
It is impossible to send a signal to task number one, the init process, for
which it has not installed a signal handler. This is done to assure the system
is not brought down accidentally.
POSIX 1003.1-2001 requires that
kill(-1,sig) send
sig to all
processes that the current process may send signals to, except possibly for
some implementation-defined system processes. Linux allows a process to signal
itself, but on Linux the call
kill(-1,sig) does not signal the current
process.
POSIX 1003.1-2003 requires that if a process sends a signal to itself, and that
process does not have the signal blocked, and no other thread has it unblocked
or is waiting for it in
sigwait(), at least one unblocked signal must
be delivered to the sending thread before the call of
kill() returns.
Across different kernel versions, Linux has enforced different rules for the
permissions required for an unprivileged process to send a signal to another
process. In kernels 1.0 to 1.2.2, a signal could be sent if the effective user
ID of the sender matched that of the receiver, or the real user ID of the
sender matched that of the receiver. From kernel 1.2.3 until 1.3.77, a signal
could be sent if the effective user ID of the sender matched either the real
or effective user ID of the receiver. The current rules, which conform to
POSIX 1003.1-2001, were adopted in kernel 1.3.78.
SVr4, SVID, POSIX.1, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3, POSIX 1003.1-2001
_exit(2),
killpg(2),
signal(2),
tkill(2),
exit(3),
capabilities(7),
signal(7)
