Originální popis anglicky:
chown - change owner and group of a file
Návod, kniha: POSIX Programmer's Manual
#include <unistd.h>
int chown(const char *
path, uid_t
owner , gid_t
group);
The
chown() function shall change the user and group ownership of a file.
The
path argument points to a pathname naming a file. The user ID and
group ID of the named file shall be set to the numeric values contained in
owner and
group, respectively.
Only processes with an effective user ID equal to the user ID of the file or
with appropriate privileges may change the ownership of a file. If
_POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED is in effect for
path:
- *
- Changing the user ID is restricted to processes with
appropriate privileges.
- *
- Changing the group ID is permitted to a process with an
effective user ID equal to the user ID of the file, but without
appropriate privileges, if and only if owner is equal to the file's
user ID or ( uid_t)-1 and group is equal either to the
calling process' effective group ID or to one of its supplementary group
IDs.
If the specified file is a regular file, one or more of the S_IXUSR, S_IXGRP, or
S_IXOTH bits of the file mode are set, and the process does not have
appropriate privileges, the set-user-ID (S_ISUID) and set-group-ID (S_ISGID)
bits of the file mode shall be cleared upon successful return from
chown(). If the specified file is a regular file, one or more of the
S_IXUSR, S_IXGRP, or S_IXOTH bits of the file mode are set, and the process
has appropriate privileges, it is implementation-defined whether the
set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits are altered. If the
chown() function
is successfully invoked on a file that is not a regular file and one or more
of the S_IXUSR, S_IXGRP, or S_IXOTH bits of the file mode are set, the
set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits may be cleared.
If
owner or
group is specified as (
uid_t)-1 or (
gid_t)-1, respectively, the corresponding ID of the file shall not be
changed. If both owner and group are -1, the times need not be updated.
Upon successful completion,
chown() shall mark for update the
st_ctime field of the file.
Upon successful completion, 0 shall be returned; otherwise, -1 shall be returned
and
errno set to indicate the error. If -1 is returned, no changes are
made in the user ID and group ID of the file.
The
chown() function shall fail if:
- EACCES
- Search permission is denied on a component of the path
prefix.
- ELOOP
- A loop exists in symbolic links encountered during
resolution of the path argument.
- ENAMETOOLONG
- The length of the path argument exceeds {PATH_MAX}
or a pathname component is longer than {NAME_MAX}.
- ENOTDIR
- A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
- ENOENT
- A component of path does not name an existing file
or path is an empty string.
- EPERM
- The effective user ID does not match the owner of the file,
or the calling process does not have appropriate privileges and
_POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED indicates that such privilege is required.
- EROFS
- The named file resides on a read-only file system.
The
chown() function may fail if:
- EIO
- An I/O error occurred while reading or writing to the file
system.
- EINTR
- The chown() function was interrupted by a signal
which was caught.
- EINVAL
- The owner or group ID supplied is not a value supported by
the implementation.
- ELOOP
- More than {SYMLOOP_MAX} symbolic links were encountered
during resolution of the path argument.
- ENAMETOOLONG
- As a result of encountering a symbolic link in resolution
of the path argument, the length of the substituted pathname string
exceeded {PATH_MAX}.
The following sections are informative.
None.
Although
chown() can be used on some implementations by the file owner to
change the owner and group to any desired values, the only portable use of
this function is to change the group of a file to the effective GID of the
calling process or to a member of its group set.
System III and System V allow a user to give away files; that is, the owner of a
file may change its user ID to anything. This is a serious problem for
implementations that are intended to meet government security regulations.
Version 7 and 4.3 BSD permit only the superuser to change the user ID of a
file. Some government agencies (usually not ones concerned directly with
security) find this limitation too confining. This volume of
IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 uses
may to permit secure
implementations while not disallowing System V.
System III and System V allow the owner of a file to change the group ID to
anything. Version 7 permits only the superuser to change the group ID of a
file. 4.3 BSD permits the owner to change the group ID of a file to its
effective group ID or to any of the groups in the list of supplementary group
IDs, but to no others.
The POSIX.1-1990 standard requires that the
chown() function invoked by a
non-appropriate privileged process clear the S_ISGID and the S_ISUID bits for
regular files, and permits them to be cleared for other types of files. This
is so that changes in accessibility do not accidentally cause files to become
security holes. Unfortunately, requiring these bits to be cleared on
non-executable data files also clears the mandatory file locking bit (shared
with S_ISGID), which is an extension on many implementations (it first
appeared in System V). These bits should only be required to be cleared on
regular files that have one or more of their execute bits set.
None.
chmod() ,
pathconf() , the Base Definitions volume of
IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,
<sys/types.h>,
<unistd.h>
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE
Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable
Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue
6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between
this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original
IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original
Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html
.
