Originální popis anglicky:
access - determine accessibility of a file
Návod, kniha: POSIX Programmer's Manual
#include <unistd.h>
int access(const char *
path, int
amode );
The
access() function shall check the file named by the pathname pointed
to by the
path argument for accessibility according to the bit pattern
contained in
amode, using the real user ID in place of the effective
user ID and the real group ID in place of the effective group ID.
The value of
amode is either the bitwise-inclusive OR of the access
permissions to be checked (R_OK, W_OK, X_OK) or the existence test (F_OK).
If any access permissions are checked, each shall be checked individually, as
described in the Base Definitions volume of
IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Chapter 3, Definitions. If the process has
appropriate privileges, an implementation may indicate success for X_OK even
if none of the execute file permission bits are set.
If the requested access is permitted,
access() succeeds and shall return
0; otherwise, -1 shall be returned and
errno shall be set to indicate
the error.
The
access() function shall fail if:
- EACCES
- Permission bits of the file mode do not permit the
requested access, or search permission is denied on a component of the
path prefix.
- ELOOP
- A loop exists in symbolic links encountered during
resolution of the path argument.
- ENAMETOOLONG
- The length of the path argument exceeds {PATH_MAX}
or a pathname component is longer than {NAME_MAX}.
- ENOENT
- A component of path does not name an existing file
or path is an empty string.
- ENOTDIR
- A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
- EROFS
- Write access is requested for a file on a read-only file
system.
The
access() function may fail if:
- EINVAL
- The value of the amode argument is invalid.
- ELOOP
- More than {SYMLOOP_MAX} symbolic links were encountered
during resolution of the path argument.
- ENAMETOOLONG
- As a result of encountering a symbolic link in resolution
of the path argument, the length of the substituted pathname string
exceeded {PATH_MAX}.
- ETXTBSY
- Write access is requested for a pure procedure (shared
text) file that is being executed.
The following sections are informative.
The following example tests whether a file named
myfile exists in the
/tmp directory.
#include <unistd.h>
...
int result;
const char *filename = "/tmp/myfile";
result = access (filename, F_OK);
Additional values of
amode other than the set defined in the description
may be valid; for example, if a system has extended access controls.
In early proposals, some inadequacies in the
access() function led to the
creation of an
eaccess() function because:
- 1.
- Historical implementations of access() do not test
file access correctly when the process' real user ID is superuser. In
particular, they always return zero when testing execute permissions
without regard to whether the file is executable.
- 2.
- The superuser has complete access to all files on a system.
As a consequence, programs started by the superuser and switched to the
effective user ID with lesser privileges cannot use access() to
test their file access permissions.
However, the historical model of
eaccess() does not resolve problem (1),
so this volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 now allows
access() to behave in the desired way because several implementations
have corrected the problem. It was also argued that problem (2) is more easily
solved by using
open(),
chdir(), or one of the
exec
functions as appropriate and responding to the error, rather than creating a
new function that would not be as reliable. Therefore,
eaccess() is not
included in this volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001.
The sentence concerning appropriate privileges and execute permission bits
reflects the two possibilities implemented by historical implementations when
checking superuser access for X_OK.
New implementations are discouraged from returning X_OK unless at least one
execution permission bit is set.
None.
chmod() ,
stat() , the Base Definitions volume of
IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,
<unistd.h>
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE
Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable
Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue
6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between
this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original
IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original
Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html
.
